鹪鹩
Steven Lawson Photography · CC0_1_0 via GBIF
鹪鹩
Sun Jiao · CC_BY_4_0 via GBIF
鹪鹩
Wang.QG · CC_BY_4_0 via GBIF
鹪鹩
Wang.QG · CC_BY_4_0 via GBIF
鹪鹩
Sun Jiao · CC_BY_4_0 via GBIF
鹪鹩
Sun Jiao · CC_BY_4_0 via GBIF
鹪鹩
Sun Jiao · CC_BY_4_0 via GBIF
鹪鹩
Mathieu Soetens · CC_BY_4_0 via GBIF
鹪鹩
夏仲归 · CC_BY_4_0 via GBIF
鹪鹩
Sun Jiao · CC_BY_4_0 via GBIF

鹪鹩

Troglodytes troglodytes

Eurasian Wren

IUCN: 无危

简介

小型食虫鸟类,鹪鹩科唯一分布于旧大陆的物种,主要分布在欧亚大陆及非洲马格里布地区。栖息于各类有灌木和低矮植被的环境,包括花园、树篱、森林和芦苇荡等。尾羽短小且常向上竖起,高度一夫多妻制是其最突出的繁殖特征。IUCN评估为无危。

形态特征

体型圆润丰满,体长9-10厘米,翼展13-17厘米,体重约10克。背部红褐色,下体色浅且偏灰,浑身具不明显的暗色条纹。尾短而上翘,喙细长呈深褐色,腿浅褐色。

如何辨识

体型极小,尾羽短而上翘是其显著特征。鸣叫声尖锐响亮,音量远超其体型。曾与北美的winter wren和Pacific wren归为同一种。

分布与栖息地

分布于古北区,从北欧(挪威67°N、瑞典64°N)至日本,南限至西班牙、意大利和叙利亚北部。冰岛、法罗群岛、设兰群岛等地有独特亚种。仅分布区北部有迁徙行为。

习性与生态

主食昆虫及其幼虫,包括蝶蛾幼虫、甲虫幼虫等,亦食蜘蛛和少量种子。高度一夫多妻制,雄鸟在领域内建造多个巢穴供雌鸟选择。鸣声尖锐响亮,为一连串快速的颤音。

生存状况

IUCN无危。欧洲种群数量3270-5650万对,总计6530-11300万只成熟个体,种群呈上升趋势。

文化

欧洲民间传说中为众鸟之王。相传鹰与鹪鹩比飞,鹪鹩栖于鹰背,待鹰疲惫后飞得更高,寓意智慧胜于力量。圣斯蒂芬日(12月26日)有捕捉并游行鹪鹩的传统。英国旧时铜币曾以鹪鹩为图案。

改写自: 英文维基百科 · CC BY-SA 3.0

分类信息

雀形目 Passeriformes
鹪鹩科 Troglodytidae
鹪鹩属 Troglodytes
eBird 代码
winwre4
CBR 编号
#1150

亚种 (28)

  • Troglodytes troglodytes borealis

    Faroe Islands (northern Atlantic Ocean)

  • Troglodytes troglodytes cypriotes

    Crete, Rhodes, Cyprus, and Near East

  • Troglodytes troglodytes dauricus

    eastern Siberia to Sakhalin, Manchuria, and Korea

  • Troglodytes troglodytes fridariensis

    Fair Isle (Scotland)

  • Troglodytes troglodytes fumigatus

    southern Kuril Islands and Japan

  • Troglodytes troglodytes hebridensis

    Outer Hebrides Islands (Scotland)

  • Troglodytes troglodytes hirtensis

    St. Kilda Island (Scotland)

  • Troglodytes troglodytes hyrcanus

    Crimean Peninsula to Caucasus Mountains, northern Iraq, and Iran

  • Troglodytes troglodytes idius

    northern China (southern Hebei to Shandong)

  • Troglodytes troglodytes indigenus

    Ireland, Inner Hebrides, Orkneys, Scotland, and England

  • Troglodytes troglodytes islandicus

    Iceland

  • Troglodytes troglodytes juniperi

    northwestern Libya

  • Troglodytes troglodytes kabylorum

    Balearic Islands, southern Spain, and northwestern Africa (Morocco to Tunisia)

  • Troglodytes troglodytes koenigi

    Corsica and Sardinia

  • Troglodytes troglodytes kurilensis

    northern Kuril Islands (Shasukotan and Ushichi)

  • Troglodytes troglodytes magrathi

    mountains on borders of Pakistan and Afghanistan

  • Troglodytes troglodytes mosukei

    Izu Islands and Daito Islands

  • Troglodytes troglodytes neglectus

    western Himalayas (Gilgit to western Nepal)

  • Troglodytes troglodytes nipalensis

    Himalayas of Nepal to northeastern Assam and southern Tibet

  • Troglodytes troglodytes ogawae

    southern Japan (Tanegashima and Yakushima)

  • Troglodytes troglodytes pallescens

    Kamchatka Peninsula and Komandorskiye Islands

  • Troglodytes troglodytes subpallidus

    Himalayas of Afghanistan

  • Troglodytes troglodytes szetschuanus

    southwestern China (southern Shaanxi and Sichuan eastward to Hupei)

  • Troglodytes troglodytes taivanus

    Taiwan

  • Troglodytes troglodytes talifuensis

    western China (southern Sichuan to western Yunnan) and northeastern Myanmar

  • Troglodytes troglodytes tianschanicus

    mountains from Tien Shan (possibly from Altai) southward to Pamir and northeastern Afghanistan

  • Troglodytes troglodytes troglodytes

    continental Europe and Türkiye

  • Troglodytes troglodytes zetlandicus

    Shetland Islands (Scotland)

数据来源

物种描述来自维基百科,以 CC BY-SA 3.0 许可证发布。

鸟类图片与鸣声来自 GBIF,由全球公民科学家贡献,遵循各自 Creative Commons 许可证。

分类数据来自 AviList 2025。