鹪鹩
Troglodytes troglodytes
Eurasian Wren
简介
小型食虫鸟类,鹪鹩科唯一分布于旧大陆的物种,主要分布在欧亚大陆及非洲马格里布地区。栖息于各类有灌木和低矮植被的环境,包括花园、树篱、森林和芦苇荡等。尾羽短小且常向上竖起,高度一夫多妻制是其最突出的繁殖特征。IUCN评估为无危。
形态特征
体型圆润丰满,体长9-10厘米,翼展13-17厘米,体重约10克。背部红褐色,下体色浅且偏灰,浑身具不明显的暗色条纹。尾短而上翘,喙细长呈深褐色,腿浅褐色。
如何辨识
体型极小,尾羽短而上翘是其显著特征。鸣叫声尖锐响亮,音量远超其体型。曾与北美的winter wren和Pacific wren归为同一种。
分布与栖息地
分布于古北区,从北欧(挪威67°N、瑞典64°N)至日本,南限至西班牙、意大利和叙利亚北部。冰岛、法罗群岛、设兰群岛等地有独特亚种。仅分布区北部有迁徙行为。
习性与生态
主食昆虫及其幼虫,包括蝶蛾幼虫、甲虫幼虫等,亦食蜘蛛和少量种子。高度一夫多妻制,雄鸟在领域内建造多个巢穴供雌鸟选择。鸣声尖锐响亮,为一连串快速的颤音。
生存状况
IUCN无危。欧洲种群数量3270-5650万对,总计6530-11300万只成熟个体,种群呈上升趋势。
文化
欧洲民间传说中为众鸟之王。相传鹰与鹪鹩比飞,鹪鹩栖于鹰背,待鹰疲惫后飞得更高,寓意智慧胜于力量。圣斯蒂芬日(12月26日)有捕捉并游行鹪鹩的传统。英国旧时铜币曾以鹪鹩为图案。
改写自: 英文维基百科 · CC BY-SA 3.0
分类信息
- 目
- 雀形目 Passeriformes
- 科
- 鹪鹩科 Troglodytidae
- 属
- 鹪鹩属 Troglodytes
- eBird 代码
- winwre4
- CBR 编号
- #1150
亚种 (28)
-
Troglodytes troglodytes borealis
Faroe Islands (northern Atlantic Ocean)
-
Troglodytes troglodytes cypriotes
Crete, Rhodes, Cyprus, and Near East
-
Troglodytes troglodytes dauricus
eastern Siberia to Sakhalin, Manchuria, and Korea
-
Troglodytes troglodytes fridariensis
Fair Isle (Scotland)
-
Troglodytes troglodytes fumigatus
southern Kuril Islands and Japan
-
Troglodytes troglodytes hebridensis
Outer Hebrides Islands (Scotland)
-
Troglodytes troglodytes hirtensis
St. Kilda Island (Scotland)
-
Troglodytes troglodytes hyrcanus
Crimean Peninsula to Caucasus Mountains, northern Iraq, and Iran
-
Troglodytes troglodytes idius
northern China (southern Hebei to Shandong)
-
Troglodytes troglodytes indigenus
Ireland, Inner Hebrides, Orkneys, Scotland, and England
-
Troglodytes troglodytes islandicus
Iceland
-
Troglodytes troglodytes juniperi
northwestern Libya
-
Troglodytes troglodytes kabylorum
Balearic Islands, southern Spain, and northwestern Africa (Morocco to Tunisia)
-
Troglodytes troglodytes koenigi
Corsica and Sardinia
-
Troglodytes troglodytes kurilensis
northern Kuril Islands (Shasukotan and Ushichi)
-
Troglodytes troglodytes magrathi
mountains on borders of Pakistan and Afghanistan
-
Troglodytes troglodytes mosukei
Izu Islands and Daito Islands
-
Troglodytes troglodytes neglectus
western Himalayas (Gilgit to western Nepal)
-
Troglodytes troglodytes nipalensis
Himalayas of Nepal to northeastern Assam and southern Tibet
-
Troglodytes troglodytes ogawae
southern Japan (Tanegashima and Yakushima)
-
Troglodytes troglodytes pallescens
Kamchatka Peninsula and Komandorskiye Islands
-
Troglodytes troglodytes subpallidus
Himalayas of Afghanistan
-
Troglodytes troglodytes szetschuanus
southwestern China (southern Shaanxi and Sichuan eastward to Hupei)
-
Troglodytes troglodytes taivanus
Taiwan
-
Troglodytes troglodytes talifuensis
western China (southern Sichuan to western Yunnan) and northeastern Myanmar
-
Troglodytes troglodytes tianschanicus
mountains from Tien Shan (possibly from Altai) southward to Pamir and northeastern Afghanistan
-
Troglodytes troglodytes troglodytes
continental Europe and Türkiye
-
Troglodytes troglodytes zetlandicus
Shetland Islands (Scotland)
数据来源
物种描述来自维基百科,以 CC BY-SA 3.0 许可证发布。
鸟类图片与鸣声来自 GBIF,由全球公民科学家贡献,遵循各自 Creative Commons 许可证。
分类数据来自 AviList 2025。