棕扇尾莺
Cisticola juncidis
Zitting Cisticola
简介
旧大陆莺科扇尾莺属鸟类，广泛分布于西欧和南欧、非洲（沙漠和雨林除外）以及南亚至北澳大利亚。主要栖息于草原环境，通常靠近水域。最突出的特征是腰部红褐色，颈部无金色项圈，尾巴褐色并具白色尖端。繁殖期雄鸟进行锯齿状飞行展示，发出规律的'zit'叫声而得名。营巢于草丛中，编织悬挂的袋状巢。
形态特征
体长10-12厘米。背部褐色，具浓密黑色条纹。下体灰白色。尾巴宽阔，具白色尖端，经常抖动。雄鸟冠纹较少，背部斑纹较多。17个亚种间差异甚微。
如何辨识
腰部红褐色是最显著识别特征。颈部无金色项圈（区别于金头扇尾莺）。尾巴褐色，末端白色。非繁殖期隐匿于草丛中，难以观察。
分布与栖息地
分布范围从西欧、南欧经非洲大部分地区至南亚，东至日本、菲律宾、澳大利亚北部。栖息于草原环境，通常靠近水域。大部分种群为留鸟，东亚种群冬季南迁。喜马拉雅山区夏季可达1900米，冬季在1300米以下。欧洲北部种群易受严冬影响。2025年首次在英国繁殖成功。
习性与生态
小型食虫鸟类，常成小群活动。繁殖期与雨季相关，多数地区一年两窝。雄鸟通常一夫多妻，少数单偶。雄鸟在草丛深处编织巢穴基础结构，雌鸟完成筑巢。巢为杯状，上方有编织的叶片或草作伪装。每窝产3-6枚卵，雌鸟孵卵，约10天出雏。雌鸟频繁更换配偶，繁殖季可产多窝。
生存状况
IUCN评估为无危，种群稳定。部分地区面临栖息地丧失威胁。欧洲分布范围正在扩展，但北部种群易受极端冬季天气影响。
文化
该物种因繁殖期雄鸟发出规律的'zit'叫声而得名。英文名曾为扇尾莺，但为避免与美洲同名物种混淆，现采用与其他热带扇尾莺一致的命名。
改写自： 英文维基百科 · CC BY-SA 3.0
分类信息
- 目
- 雀形目 Passeriformes
- 科
- 扇尾莺科 Cisticolidae
- 属
- 扇尾莺属 Cisticola
- eBird 代码
- zitcis1
- CBR 编号
- #958
鸣声
亚种 (17)
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Cisticola juncidis brunniceps
southern Korea, Japan (Honshu and southward, including Ryukyu and Izu islands, southern Japan), and far northern Philippines (Batan Islands)
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Cisticola juncidis cisticola
coastal western France to Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands, and northwestern Africa
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Cisticola juncidis constans
Sulawesi region, including Togian and Peleng, in Banggai Islands (off eastern Sulawesi), and Muna and Tukangbesi islands (to southeast)
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Cisticola juncidis cursitans
eastern Afghanistan to Pakistan, Nepal, northern Myanmar, India, and Sri Lanka
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Cisticola juncidis fuscicapilla
eastern Java, Kangean Islands, and Lesser Sundas
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Cisticola juncidis juncidis
southern France to Corsica, Sardinia, Balkans, Türkiye, Syria, and Israel
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Cisticola juncidis laveryi
northeastern Australia (Ingham to Rockhampton, northeastern Queensland)
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Cisticola juncidis leanyeri
north-central Australia (Tiwi Islands, northeastern Northern Territory, and southwestern Gulf of Carpentaria)
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Cisticola juncidis malaya
Nicobar Islands, southern Myanmar, and Thailand through the Thai-Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Java
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Cisticola juncidis neuroticus
Cyprus, Levant, Iraq, and western Iran
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Cisticola juncidis nigrostriatus
southwestern Philippines (Culion and Palawan)
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Cisticola juncidis normani
coastal southern New Guinea and coastal northeastern Australia (southeastern Gulf of Carpentaria to Princess Charlotte Bay)
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Cisticola juncidis omalurus
Sri Lanka
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Cisticola juncidis salimalii
southwestern India (Kerala)
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Cisticola juncidis terrestris
Equatorial Guinea (Río Muni), central Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, and southern Tanzania southward to southern South Africa
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Cisticola juncidis tinnabulans
southern China to Indochina, Hainan, Taiwan, and Philippines
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Cisticola juncidis uropygialis
Senegal to southern Nigeria, Sudan, Rwanda, and northern Tanzania; Mafia Island
数据来源
物种描述来自维基百科，以 CC BY-SA 3.0 许可证发布。
鸟类图片与鸣声来自 GBIF，由全球公民科学家贡献，遵循各自 Creative Commons 许可证。
分类数据来自 AviList 2025。