Trilling Gnatwren

Vocalizations

Subspecies (13)

• Ramphocaenus melanurus albiventris

  southern Venezuela (eastern Bolívar) to the Guianas and northeastern Brazil (in northern Pará, Amapá, and eastern Amazonas)

• Ramphocaenus melanurus amazonum

  eastern Peru (right bank of upper Río Ucayali) and adjacent northwestern Brazil (to north-central Brazil in western Pará, west of the Rio Tocantins)

• Ramphocaenus melanurus ardeleo

  southeastern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula) and Petén of northern Guatemala

• Ramphocaenus melanurus austerus

  eastern Brazil (eastern Pará and northern Maranhão)

• Ramphocaenus melanurus badius

  southeastern Ecuador to northeastern Peru (north of Río Marañón)

• Ramphocaenus melanurus duidae

  eastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and southern Venezuela; probably also far northern Peru and northwestern Brazil (Rio Branco watershed in Roraima, to the upper Rio Negro watershed in Amazonas)

• Ramphocaenus melanurus griseodorsalis

  west-central Colombia (Antioquia southward to Valle)

• Ramphocaenus melanurus melanurus

  coastal northeastern Brazil (Pernambuco to São Paulo)

• Ramphocaenus melanurus pallidus

  northeastern Colombia east of Andes to northern Venezuela (eastern Falcón to Miranda)

• Ramphocaenus melanurus panamensis

  central and eastern Panama

• Ramphocaenus melanurus rufiventris

  southern Mexico to western Ecuador

• Ramphocaenus melanurus sanctaemarthae

  Caribbean coast of northern Colombia to northwestern Venezuela (Zulia)

• Ramphocaenus melanurus trinitatis

  tropical eastern Colombia (Meta) to northeastern Venezuela, and Trinidad