Spotted Towhee

Subspecies (21)

• Pipilo maculatus arcticus

  Great Plains of North America to southwestern USA; winters to northeastern Mexico

• Pipilo maculatus chiapensis

  mountains of southern Mexico (central Chiapas)

• Pipilo maculatus clementae

  Santa Rosa, Santa Catalina, and San Clemente islands (off southern California)

• Pipilo maculatus consobrinus

  formerly Isla Guadalupe (off western Baja California); extinct, last observed in 1897

• Pipilo maculatus curtatus

  southeastern British Columbia to northeastern California, Nevada, and Idaho; winters to southeastern California

• Pipilo maculatus falcifer

  coastal northern California (Del Norte to Santa Cruz and San Benito counties)

• Pipilo maculatus falcinellus

  interior southwestern Oregon to Sierra Nevada and San Joaquin Valley

• Pipilo maculatus gaigei

  mountains of New Mexico, western Texas, and northern Mexico (northern Coahuila)

• Pipilo maculatus griseipygius

  mountains of western Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental)

• Pipilo maculatus macronyx

  mountains of central Mexico (eastern Michoacán, México, Morelos, and Distrito Federal)

• Pipilo maculatus maculatus

  eastern Mexico

• Pipilo maculatus magnirostris

  mountains of southern Baja California (Sierra de la Laguna)

• Pipilo maculatus megalonyx

  coastal southern California (Monterey) to northwestern Baja California and Santa Cruz Island

• Pipilo maculatus montanus

  southwestern USA to northwestern Mexico; winters to northern Mexico

• Pipilo maculatus oaxacae

  highlands of southern Mexico (northern and central Oaxaca)

• Pipilo maculatus oregonus

  breeds coastal southwestern British Columbia to southwestern Oregon; winters to southern California

• Pipilo maculatus orientalis

  mountains of eastern Mexico (Sierra Madre Oriental)

• Pipilo maculatus repetens

  mountains of southern Mexico (southeastern Chiapas) and western Guatemala

• Pipilo maculatus socorroensis

  Socorro Island (Revillagigedo Islands off western Mexico)

• Pipilo maculatus umbraticola

  northwestern Baja California (latitude 32°N to 30°N)

• Pipilo maculatus vulcanorum

  mountains of central Mexico (México, northeastern Morelos, southwestern Tlaxcala, and western Puebla)