稀树草鹀
Passerculus sandwichensis
Savannah Sparrow
简介
小型新大陆雀鸟，为雀形目Passerculus属唯一物种。分布于北美洲开阔草原环境，是分布广泛且数量丰富的物种。除太平洋和墨西哥繁殖种群为留鸟外，其余种群均为候鸟，繁殖于加拿大和美国北部，冬季迁徙至墨西哥和美国南部。性二态性不明显，但外观变异极大，目前承认约17个亚种，部分类群曾被划分为独立物种。IUCN评估为近危物种。
形态特征
具有典型雀鸟类外观：背部深色条纹棕色，下体白色并具棕色或黑褐色胸侧条纹；具白色冠纹和眉纹，部分个体喙部附近黄色；脸颊棕色，喉部白色；飞羽黑褐色，具浅棕或白色边缘；眼深色，足、腿及下喙角质色，上喙深灰色。体型变异大，体长11-17厘米，翼展18-25厘米，体重15-29克。
如何辨识
野外识别要点包括白色眉纹和冠纹、下体胸侧纵纹。无明显性二态性。不同亚群羽色深浅遵循格洛格尔规律，阿拉斯加及内陆亚群最淡，西南部沿海亚群最深暗。留鸟或部分迁徙亚种可通过体型和羽色区分。
分布与栖息地
繁殖分布覆盖阿拉斯加、加拿大、美国北部、中部及太平洋沿海地区、墨西哥和危地马拉。太平洋及墨西哥种群为留鸟，其余种群迁徙，冬季分布于美国南部至中美洲、加勒比海至南美洲北部。极少迷鸟至西欧。栖息于开阔草原及低矮灌木丛环境。
习性与生态
地面或低灌木丛中觅食，主食种子，繁殖季兼食昆虫。繁殖期成对或以家庭为单位活动，冬季集群迁徙。联络叫声为细弱的高音。鸣声为啁啾与颤音的混合。
生存状况
IUCN评估为近危物种。种群整体数量较丰富，但面临栖息地丧失等威胁。部分亚群如伊普斯威奇亚种相对稀有。
改写自： 英文维基百科 · CC BY-SA 3.0
分类信息
- 目
- 雀形目 Passeriformes
- 科
- 雀鹀科 Passerellidae
- 属
- Passerculus
- eBird 代码
- savspa
- CBR 编号
- #1516
亚种 (17)
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Passerculus sandwichensis alaudinus
coastal northern California (Humboldt to San Luis Obispo County)
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Passerculus sandwichensis anthinus
Alaska and northwestern Canada
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Passerculus sandwichensis anulus
Bahía Vizcaino area of Baja California
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Passerculus sandwichensis atratus
coastal northwestern Mexico (central Sonora to central Sinaloa)
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Passerculus sandwichensis beldingi
coastal southern California (Santa Barbara County) to northern Baja California
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Passerculus sandwichensis brooksi
breeds Vancouver Island and coastal southwestern British Columbia to northwestern California; winters to Baja California
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Passerculus sandwichensis brunnescens
north-central Mexico
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Passerculus sandwichensis guttatus
coastal western Baja California (Laguna San Ignacio region)
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Passerculus sandwichensis labradorius
breeds central and eastern Canada and north-central USA; winters to southeastern Texas
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Passerculus sandwichensis magdalenae
coastal western Baja California (Bahia Magdalena region)
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Passerculus sandwichensis nevadensis
breeds Great Basin and Great Plains of North America; winters to southern Mexico
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Passerculus sandwichensis princeps
breeds Sable Island (Nova Scotia); winters coastal Massachusetts to Georgia
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Passerculus sandwichensis rostratus
northeastern Baja California (mouth of Colorado River and adjacent Sonora)
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Passerculus sandwichensis sanctorum
San Benito Islands (off western Baja California)
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Passerculus sandwichensis sandwichensis
breeds Amutka Island, eastern Aleutians, and western Alaskan Peninsula; winters to southern California
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Passerculus sandwichensis savanna
breeds southern and southeastern Canada and northeastern USA; winters to Bahamas
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Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei
mountains of far southwestern Guatemala
数据来源
物种描述来自维基百科，以 CC BY-SA 3.0 许可证发布。
分类数据来自 AviList 2025。